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1940 Stanford Indians football team
The 1940 Stanford Indians football team, nicknamed the "Wow Boys", represented Stanford University in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) intercollegiate competition during the 1940 season. First-year head coach Clark Shaughnessy inherited a team that finished with a 1–7–1 record the previous season.〔(Wow Boys: The Team That Changed the Game ), ''Stanford Magazine'', Stanford Alumni Association, January/February 2007. Accessed 2009-07-28. (Archived ) 2009-07-30.〕 He installed his own version of the T formation, a system that had largely fallen into disuse since the 1890s and was viewed as obsolete.〔 The Indians shocked observers when they won all ten of their games including the Rose Bowl, which prompted several selectors to declare them the 1940 national champions. Stanford's dramatic reversal of fortunes prompted football programs across the nation to abandon the single-wing formation in favor of the new T formation.
==Preseason==
Clark Shaughnessy had served as the head coach at the University of Chicago since 1930. While there, he developed a new version of the T formation based upon the "pro T" that was concurrently in use by the Chicago Bears of the National Football League.〔(Member Biography: Clark Shaughnessy ), College Football Hall of Fame, National Football Foundation, retrieved July 28, 2009. (Archived ) 2009-07-31.〕 The T formation, in which three backs lined up abreast and behind the quarterback who was himself behind the center, was an obsolescent system that had been disused since the 1890s in favor of the single-wing and double-wing formations.〔(A Melding Of Men All Suited To A T: Clark Shaughnessy was a dour theoretician, Frankie Albert an unrestrained quarterback and Stanford a team of losers, but combined they forever changed the game of football ), ''Sports Illustrated'', September 5, 1977.〕 Shaugnessy, however, incorporated several new features in his own version of the T. It utilized flankers and the man-in-motion concept,〔(The 1940s: The Bears roll out the T formation ), ''Sports Illustrated'', August 30, 1999.〕 and it emphasized deception and quickness over the brute force necessitated by the wing formations.〔 Shaughnessy was not very successful at Chicago and his teams never finished a season with more wins than losses.〔(Clark D. Shaughnessy Records by Year ), College Football Data Warehouse, retrieved July 28, 2009. (Archived ) 2009-07-31.〕 In 1939, the Chicago Maroons compiled a 2–6 record and failed to defeat any of their conference opponents. All six losses were defensive shutouts, the worst being an 85–0 rout by Michigan.〔(Chicago Yearly Results: 1935-1939 ), College Football Data Warehouse, retrieved July 28, 2009.〕 After the season, the University of Chicago disbanded its football program.〔(Sport: Football, Nov. 4, 1940 ), ''Time'', November 4, 1940.〕 Instead of remaining at Chicago, where he also held a position as a professor and earned a comfortable salary of $10,000 per year, Shaughnessy elected to continue coaching football, which he described as his hobby and passion.〔 For 1940, he was hired by Stanford University whose Indians had finished the previous season with a 1–7–1 record.〔
Stanford center Milt Vucinich said, "We'd been reading about all those beatings Shaughnessy's men had taken, so we were joking among ourselves that wasn't it just like Stanford to hire somebody like this to coach us."〔James W. Johnson, (The Wow Boys: a Coach, a Team, and a Turning Point in College Football ), pp. xvii-xix, University of Nebraska Press, 2006, ISBN 0-8032-7632-X.〕 In his first address to the team, Shaughnessy told them, "Boys, I am not to be addressed as 'Clark' or, especially, (nickname of ) 'Soup'. To you, I am 'Mr. Shaughnessy' or 'Coach.' Nothing else. I am a professor of football . . . Now, I have a formation for you that if you learn it well will take you to the Rose Bowl."〔 He asserted that one of his plays, a line plunge by a back without a blocker, would score ten to twelve touchdowns alone, which was more than the Indians had scored the entire previous season. The players were understandably skeptical,〔 and they were not alone. Football innovator and single-wing proponent Glenn "Pop" Warner said before the season, "If Stanford wins a single game with that crazy formation, you can throw all the football I ever knew into the Pacific Ocean."〔 Shaughnessy later discovered that the players, who were mostly returners from the 1939 team, were talented, but not suited to the single wing.〔 As a contemporary newspaper noted, "The () team looked great in some games and sour in others. The machinery was there but it wasn't running as smoothly as had been hoped for."〔(Stanford Looks For Big Things In New Regime ), ''The Evening Independent'', p. 13, September 11, 1940.〕
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